Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a complaint heard very often by physicians in both hospital and primary care centers. One of the many causes of dyspnea stems from an inherent deficit of oxygenation, often a problem in the lungs. Many patients who have problems of oxygenation benefit from breathing a higher concentration of oxygen (O₂) than is present in the air. Disease states including ambient hypoxia, diffusion impairment, hypoventilation, and low ventilation/perfusion ratios all benefit from oxygen therapy. This is referred to as responsive hypoxemia.

Room air consists of predominantly oxygen and nitrogen (percentages shown in Table 1). Higher concentrations of oxygen are achieved by allowing the patient to breath from an oxygen tank, a metal cylindrical container that contains the pressurized oxygen gas within it. Similar oxygen tanks are also used in scuba diving, welding, and as rocket propellants.

Assume that there is 100% oxygen inside an oxygen tank.

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