“In a traditional blood pressure reading the top number is represented by systole. Systole is the amount of pressure forced on the arterial walls during a ventricular contraction. Diastolic pressure, represented by the bottom number, is the lowest point of arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle.

Systolic / DiastolicMean Arterial blood Pressure (MAP) is the pressure that propels the blood to tissues. MAP is approximated from the measured values of the systolic, P_s, and diastolic, P_d, numbers of the blood pressure reading using the following formula:

MAP = P_d + 1/3 (P_s – P_d, or pulse pressure)Maintaining blood flow throughout the body is vital for optimal organ function and tissue perfusion. Ensuring blood flow to all tissues, the body regulates homeostasis of cardiac output, resistance, and blood volume.

Normal blood pressures range from a systolic low of 90 to a high of 139; diastolic pressures vary between 60 -90, with all blood pressures measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Blood pressures that are greater than 140/90 are considered to be hypertensive.

Dehydration and excessive sweating can lead to a decrease in blood volume along with a decrease in blood pressure. This drop in blood pressure causes the heart to beat faster in order to meet the oxygen requirements of the body.”
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